Posted: 10 Mar 2015 05:57 PM PDT
An Antarctic octopus that lives in ice-cold water uses an unique strategy to transport oxygen in its blood, according to new research. The study suggests that the octopus's specialized blood pigments could help to make it more resilient to climate change than Antarctic fish and other species of octopus.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 01:00 PM PDT
As more animal shelters, primate centers and zoos start to play music for their charges, it's still not clear whether and how human music affects animals. Now, a study shows that while cats ignore our music, they are highly responsive to "music" written especially for them.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 01:00 PM PDT
Physicians have provided evidence that even in the absence of an increase in blood pressure, excess dietary sodium can adversely affect target organs, including the blood vessels, heart, kidneys and brain.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 10:19 AM PDT
Night setting; bird scaring lines; weighted branchlines that sink rapidly; fish offal and bait covered on board so it doesn't attract seabirds to the boats; deck lights kept at the minimum level, and discards not thrown back into the sea. These are some of the best strategies to avoid seabird bycatch in longline fisheries in the Mediterranean, according to researchers.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 09:36 AM PDT
Infectious disease spillover, including from humans to animals, poses risk to the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park, where Jane Goodall began her pioneering behavioral research in 1960.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 09:33 AM PDT
Proteins from salt-loving, halophilic, microbes could be the key to cleaning up leaked radioactive strontium and caesium ions from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in Japan.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 09:33 AM PDT
The Middle East, with temperate winters, was until recently considered an unlikely host for hibernating mammals. Now new research is set to change the very concept of hibernation. Researchers discovered two species of the mouse-tailed bat that hibernate at the unusually warm and constant temperature of about 68°F in caves in Israel's Great Rift Valley.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 09:31 AM PDT
Many chameleons have the remarkable ability to exhibit complex and rapid color changes during social interactions. Biologists have now unveiled the mechanisms that regulate this phenomenon. They have demonstrated that the changes take place via the active tuning of a lattice of nanocrystals present in a superficial layer of dermal cells called iridophores. The researchers also reveal the existence of a deeper population of iridophores with larger and less ordered crystals that reflect the infrared light. The organisation of iridophores into two superimposed layers constitutes an evolutionary novelty and it allows the chameleons to rapidly shift between efficient camouflage and spectacular display, while providing passive thermal protection.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:53 AM PDT
A new tick species found in Malaysia and Vietnam was recently discovered in the United States National Tick Collection by researchers in Georgia.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:52 AM PDT
The level of vitamin D in our blood should neither be too high nor to low. Scientists have now shown that there is a connection between high levels of vitamin D and cardiovascular deaths.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:52 AM PDT
Two new species of tiny subterranean snails enrich the biodiversity of Northern Spain. Zospeum vasconicum and Zospeum zaldivarae belong to a group of blind, diaphanous snails known to inhabit caves from Northern Spain to the Dinaric Alps of former Yugoslavia. The two new rare snail species inhabit moist, muddy cave walls.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:52 AM PDT
A new article describes a 150-million-year-old crab larva fossil specimen from southern Germany. The fossil provides critical evidence for understanding the early rise of crabs.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:48 AM PDT
A new technique for creating artificial DNA that is faster, more accurate and more flexible than existing methods has been developed by scientists.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 07:47 AM PDT
New industrial processing techniques are enabling us to obtain valuable proteins, antioxidants and oils from salmon and rapeseed waste. These extracts can be used in health foods, nutritional supplements and skin care products. The EU project APROPOS has had as its aim to demonstrate the value inherent in waste food resources which are currently used mostly for animal feed.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 06:15 AM PDT
The evolution origins of the D1 protein in cyanobacteria, which forms the heart of Photosystem II, the oxygen-evolving machine of photosynthesis, have been the focus of recent study. Now, the evolution of biological water oxidation can be addressed experimentally.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 06:14 AM PDT
Restoration of wetlands can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a new Swedish report suggests. "The report states that some three percent of Sweden's land area is drained peatland and it discusses which of these areas should be rectified in the first instance," says one author.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 04:44 AM PDT
Households can serve as a reservoir for transmitting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), according to a study. Once the bacteria enters a home, it can linger for years, spreading from person to person and evolving genetically to become unique to that household.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 04:38 AM PDT
What inspires people to support conservation? A new study provides one simple answer: bird watching and hunting. The contributions of individuals who identified as both bird watchers and hunters were evident: on average, this group was about eight times more likely than non-recreationists to engage in conservation.
Posted: 10 Mar 2015 04:38 AM PDT
Imagine a single drug that could prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treat patients who have already contracted HIV, and even remove all the dormant copies of the virus from those with the more advanced disease. It sounds like science fiction, but scientists have gotten one step closer to creating such a drug by customizing a powerful defense system used by many bacteria and training this scissor-like machinery to recognize the HIV virus.
Posted: 09 Mar 2015 11:50 AM PDT
A community ecologist demonstrates important links between human health and the environment in the African savanna. Her fieldwork is a good example of researchers' continuing effort to understand exactly how environmental management affects disease emergence. In East Africa, she examines the direct impacts of human disturbance on landscape and wildlife, as well as a variety of factors affecting infectious disease risk.
Posted: 09 Mar 2015 11:50 AM PDT
A new gene sequencing technology known as 'Capture Sequencing' allows us to explore the human genome at a much higher resolution than ever before, with revolutionary implications for research and cancer diagnosis, scientists report.
Posted: 09 Mar 2015 11:50 AM PDT
New measurements of tropical forests are being collected by scientists to gain a better understanding of how they respond to seasonal climate variations. "A better understanding of tropical forest behavior is needed because tropical forests serve as the lungs of Earth," noted a contributor to the study. "Tropical forests breathe in carbon dioxide -- a potent greenhouse gas -- and store it as vegetation biomass through photosynthesis."
Posted: 06 Mar 2015 11:35 AM PST
Next generation sequencing enables researchers to sequence DNA and RNA much more quickly and cheaply than an older technology called Sanger sequencing. The technology is revolutionizing genomics (the study of genes and their functions) and molecular biology, experts say.
Posted: 05 Mar 2015 12:21 PM PST
The molecular complex that guides an important class of proteins to correct locations in cell membranes does so by forming a dimeric structure with a protective pocket. This structure shields tail-anchored membrane proteins -- which have roles in a wide variety of cellular functions from neurotransmitter release to insulin production -- from harmful aggregation or misfolding as they move through the inner environment of a cell. The findings clarify the mechanism behind a fundamental biological process.
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